location ~* ^.+\.(js|css|php|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|pdf|zip|rar)$ {
root /var/www/apps/myapp/public;
access_log off;
expires 7d;
}
Active connections: 171
server accepts handled requests
21252 21252 30419
Reading: 2 Writing: 9 Waiting: 160
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
}
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM TABLE ORDER BY rand( ) LIMIT 1
1 SIMPLE table ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 607 Using temporary; Using filesort
svn: Unrecognized URL scheme
[dba@mysqldba ~]# svn --version
svn, version 1.5.5 (r34862)
compiled Feb 10 2009, 17:58:37
Copyright (C) 2000-2008 CollabNet.
Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.tigris.org/
This product includes software developed by CollabNet (http://www.Collab.Net/).
The following repository access (RA) modules are available:
* ra_neon : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV protocol using Neon.
- handles 'http' scheme
* ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn network protocol.
- with Cyrus SASL authentication
- handles 'svn' scheme
* ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk.
- handles 'file' scheme
--enable-assembler
Use assembler versions of some string functions if available.
--enable-profiling
Build aversion with query profiling code (req. community-features)
--with-charset=CHARSET
Default character set, use one of:binary armscii8 ascii big5 cp1250 cp1251 cp1256 cp1257 cp850 cp852 cp866 cp932 dec8 eucjpms euckr gb2312 gbk geostd8 greek hebrew hp8 keybcs2 koi8r koi8u latin1 latin2 latin5 latin7 macce macroman sjis swe7 tis620 ucs2 ujis utf8
--with-extra-charsets=CHARSET,CHARSET,...
Use charsets in addition to default (none, complex, all, or a list selected from the above sets)
--with-big-tables
Support tables with more than 4 G rows even on 32bit platforms
--with-embedded-server Build the embedded server (libmysqld)
max_connect_errors
Host 'host_name' is blocked because of many connection errors.
SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER = N （N=1 .2 .3...)来解决同步问题。
mysql> show table status like 'example_table'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: example_table
Engine: MyISAM
Version: 10
Row_format: Dynamic
Rows: 2750508
Avg_row_length: 472
Data_length: 1300304684
Max_data_length: 281474976710655
Index_length: 516225024
Data_free: 0
Auto_increment: 2800006
Create_time: 2008-02-27 10:45:44
Update_time: 2008-07-11 15:41:30
Check_time: 2008-02-27 11:05:27
Collation: utf8_general_ci
Checksum: NULL
Create_options:
Comment:
mysql> show table status like 'example_table'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: example_table
Engine: MyISAM
Version: 10
Row_format: Dynamic
Rows: 2750508
Avg_row_length: 472
Data_length: 1300304536
Max_data_length: 1099511627775
Index_length: 461033472
Data_free: 0
Auto_increment: 2800006
Create_time: 2008-10-17 13:27:33
Update_time: 2008-10-17 13:29:47
Check_time: 2008-10-17 13:42:58
Collation: utf8_general_ci
Checksum: NULL
Create_options: max_rows=210000000 avg_row_length=1024
原文地址:http://zhixinku.com/home/space.php?uid=4&do=blog&id=20
一般的网站都会开放rar附件上传,并可能会保留原来文件名称,这从而可能导致一个很严重的问题,xxx.php.rar文件会被Apache当作php文件来执行, 造成极大的安全隐患 .
如何测试? 将你的某个php程序文件后缀名修改成 xxx.php.rar , 这时测试一下, 还是按照PHP文件解析执行,Apache并不会认为这是一个rar文件, 这是为什么呢?
原来,每遇到一种后双重后缀名(如xxx.php.rar)的文件,Apache都会去conf/mime.types 文件中检查最后一个后缀,如果最后一个后缀并没有在mime.types文件中定义, 则使用前一个后缀来解释 ,因为在默认情况下,rar并未在mime.types中定义, 故Apache会使用php后缀来解释文件, 这就是漏洞的原因所在.
由此类推,如果使用xxx.jsp.ppp.rar 则会认为是jsp文件, 如果修改成xxx.shtml.rar ,则会识别成shtml文件.
a.php.c.d.e.rar 也是会被当成PHP文件解释的!
想想,不知道有多少网站存在这个问题?
那么针对网络管理员,如何杜绝这个隐患 ?
1.修改mime.types文件,在最后面加一条:
application/rar rar
然后重新启动Apache,即可.
针对WEB管理员及WEB程序开发者,如何更安全?
1.只允许上传指定后缀名的文件,当然,要禁止掉rar格式文件上传.(但这条往往行不通,一般的网站都需要上传rar文件)
2.对上传后的文件进行强制重命名, 强制使用最后一个扩展名,如原始文件名为xxx.php.rar ,上传后强制重命名为 20080912.rar即可避免这个隐患.
早期版本的phpcms 2007, discuz, ecshop都存在这个漏洞, 或许你的网站被挂马,就是因此引起.
希望本文对你有用.
Oct 12 11:46:39 **** kernel: NETDEV WATCHDOG: eth1: transmit timed out
Oct 12 11:46:40 **** kernel: bnx2: eth1 NIC Link is Down
Oct 12 11:46:41 **** kernel: bnx2: eth1 NIC Link is Up, 100 Mbps full duplex
主机名用****代替
Oct 12 11:11:23 **** kernel: nfs: server *.*.*.* not responding, st
ill trying
Oct 12 11:11:56 **** last message repeated 13 times
Oct 12 11:12:01 **** last message repeated 2 times
select user()；
select current_user；
select current_user（）;
都是一样的效果。
SHOW USER
SELECT * from mysql.user;
libtool and libtoolize are two very different things. But since libtoolize
is an add-on of libtool, it's included in the libtool package. Renaming
the package to libtoolize would be stupid because the package is way more
than that.
Renaming the libtoolize command to libtool would be stupid because it's
named libtoolize everywhere else, and because libtool is something else.
./configure --with-zlib --with-pdo-mysql[=DIR]
yum install ctags
wget "http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=7701"
unzip taglist_45.zip
在你的用户目录下创建.vim目录（如/home/gogo407/.vim ; /root/.vim)
分别把taglist_45.zip解压出来的doc,plugin移入.vim文件夹中，如果.vim中已经存在doc和plugin文件夹，则讲doc中的文档和plugin中的插件，移入.vim中的相应位置
修改plugin中的taglist.vim中的76行，添加 let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = "/usr/bin/ctags"
72 " function is not available, then don't load the plugin.
73 if !exists('*system')
74 echomsg 'Taglist: Vim system() built-in function is not available. ' .
75 \ 'Plugin is not loaded.'
76 let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = "/usr/bin/ctags"
77 let loaded_taglist = 'no'
78 let &cpo = s:cpo_save
79 finish
80 endif
cd cronolog-1.6.2/
cd src/
ls *.c|ctags -R
vim cronolog.c
:set nu
:TlistToggle
ctrl +ww 切换窗口
还有就是最有用的
：help
：help tag
/usr/bin/rdate -s rdate.darkorb.net 先和标准世界时间同步下 linux下
hwclock -w
date
hwclock --show
每个客户机应该用 rsize=32768,wsize=32768,intr,noatime 挂装远程文件系统，从而确保：
* 使用大的读/写块（数字指定最大块大小，在这个示例中是 32KB）。
* 在挂起时 NFS 操作可以被中断。
* 不持续更新 atime。
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults,noatime 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults,noatime 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-hdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-hda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
create table admin
(
adminId int not null identity(1000,1),
adminName varchar(40) not null,
adminPass varchar(40) not null,
);
总是identity出错...想请教下为什么? 在mysql数据库下 把identity(1000,1),去掉就行.
可是我语法有错误么?
create table admin ( adminId int not null auto_increment,adminName varchar(40) not null, adminPass varchar(40) not null ,primary key (adminId) );
alter table admin AUTO_INCREMENT=1000
cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 4.5 (Final)
cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-8.el5 (mockbuild@builder4.centos.org) (gcc version 4.1.1 20070105 (Red Hat 4.1.1-52)) #1 SMP Thu Mar 15 19:57:35 EDT 2007
uname -a
Linux db-mysql-1 2.6.18-8.el5 #1 SMP Thu Mar 15 19:57:35 EDT 2007 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
一台centos 4.5
lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.0-ia32:core-3.0-noarch:graphics-3.0-ia32:graphics-3.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 4.5 (Final)
Release: 4.5
Codename: Final
另一台centos 5.0
lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 5 (Final)
Release: 5
Codename: Final
killall -KILL rpciod杀掉rpcio的话可以解决df堆积的问题,但是不能根除,因为下次执行df的时候rpcio还是会出现.特别是如果你在crond中使用了df的时候.
222.222.222.222:/opt/nfs,那你可以直接卸载掉,
umount 222.222.222.222:/opt/nfs这样执行df的时候就不会再出问题了.
soft If an NFS file operation has a major timeout then report an I/O error to the calling program. The default is to continue retrying NFS file operations indefinitely.
hard If an NFS file operation has a major timeout then report "server not responding" on the console and continue retrying indefinitely. This is the default.
intr If an NFS file operation has a major timeout and it is hard mounted, then allow signals to interupt the file operation and cause it to return EINTR to the calling program. The default is to not allow file operations to be interrupted.
# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3107520 1930720 1176800 0 732640 1050708
-/+ buffers/cache: 147372 2960148
Swap: 4194296 60 4194236
0:55:06 [ERROR] Slave: Error 'Incorrect key file for table 'space'; try to repair it' on query. Default da
tabase: ‘abc_table'. Query: 'update space set modified = '08-7-30 16:31:38' where id='11111'', Error_code: 1034
mysql> repair table space;
+-----------------+--------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text |
+-----------------+--------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| aa.abc_table | repair | info | Wrong bytesec: 0- 0- 0 at 13830188; Skipped |
| aa.abc_table | repair | status | OK |
+-----------------+--------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (8.40 sec)
control userpasswords2
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
'或者"括起来，这个都是允许的。
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$6]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
awk ' { arr[$1]=arr[$1]+$2 } END { for( key in arr) { print key , arr[key] } } ' filename
202.160.178.104
202.160.178.108
202.160.178.111
202.160.178.112
202.160.178.114
202.160.178.116
202.160.178.136
202.160.178.140
202.160.178.144
202.160.178.145
202.160.178.161
202.160.178.166
202.160.178.170
202.160.178.183
202.160.178.185
202.160.178.189
202.160.178.193
202.160.178.198
202.160.178.201
202.160.178.206
202.160.178.208
202.160.178.21
202.160.178.210
202.160.178.214
202.160.178.236
202.160.178.243
202.160.178.248
202.160.178.26
202.160.178.28
202.160.178.37
202.160.178.61
202.160.178.65
202.160.178.70
202.160.178.74
202.160.178.83
202.160.178.84
202.160.178.88
202.160.178.89
202.160.179.100
202.160.179.122
202.160.179.130
202.160.179.134
202.160.179.140
202.160.179.142
202.160.179.145
202.160.179.152
202.160.179.155
202.160.179.164
202.160.179.23
202.160.179.24
202.160.179.3
202.160.179.40
202.160.179.47
202.160.179.5
202.160.179.6
202.160.179.63
202.160.179.67
202.160.179.70
202.160.179.71
202.160.179.84
202.160.179.89
202.160.179.92
202.160.180.111
202.160.180.115
202.160.180.121
202.160.180.128
202.160.180.138
202.160.180.14
202.160.180.141
202.160.180.142
202.160.180.148
202.160.180.153
202.160.180.161
202.160.180.163
202.160.180.164
202.160.180.179
202.160.180.180
202.160.180.181
202.160.180.186
202.160.180.187
202.160.180.208
202.160.180.23
202.160.180.34
202.160.180.43
202.160.180.54
202.160.180.57
202.160.180.58
202.160.180.64
202.160.180.73
202.160.180.77
202.160.180.80
202.160.180.81
202.160.180.99
202.160.181.184
202.160.181.189
202.160.181.190
74.6.22.112
74.6.16.161
74.6.16.171
74.6.17.125
74.6.17.233
74.6.17.24
74.6.18.113
74.6.18.166
74.6.18.183
74.6.18.99
74.6.18.99
74.6.19.109
74.6.19.230
74.6.19.87
74.6.20.114
74.6.20.116
74.6.20.161
74.6.20.61
74.6.22.48
74.6.23.118
74.6.23.118
74.6.23.152
74.6.23.179
74.6.23.36
74.6.23.87
74.6.24.101
74.6.24.101
74.6.25.187
74.6.25.252
74.6.25.252
74.6.25.52
74.6.26.175
74.6.26.244
74.6.26.28
74.6.26.44
74.6.26.44
74.6.28.158
74.6.28.224
74.6.28.246
74.6.28.29
74.6.29.177
74.6.29.234
74.6.29.239
74.6.29.47
74.6.29.62
74.6.7.160
74.6.7.229
74.6.7.254
74.6.7.254
74.6.7.89
74.6.9.44
74.6.9.52
74.6.9.58
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.6
expose_php = Off
LogFormat "%a %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "\"%{X-Forwarded-For}i\" %l %u %t \"%r\"%>s%b\"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
[dba@db-mysql2 log]# service snmpd stop
Stopping snmpd: [FAILED]
[dba@db-mysql2 log]# service snmpd start
Starting snmpd: [ OK ]
[dba@db-mysql2 log]# service snmpd restart
Stopping snmpd: [FAILED]
Starting snmpd: [ OK ]
Seems to be a dependency problem - just updating net-snmp doesn't update net-snmp-libs. The combination of net-snmp 5.3.1-19.el5_1.4 and net-snmp-libs 5.3.1-19.el5_1.3 leads to the described error, updating net-snmp-libs solves it.也就是rpm包依赖性的问题，通过 install net-snmp-libs 可以解决问题。
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
mysql> show variables like 'character\_set\_%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 05 May 2008 07:32:32 GMT
Server: Apache
Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 02:32:28 GMT
ETag: "278c15c-19da-ff234700"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=5184000
Expires: Fri, 04 Jul 2008 07:32:32 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 1834
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/css
Date: Mon, 05 May 2008 07:30:29 GMT
Server: Apache
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 02:32:28 GMT
ETag: "278c15c-19da-ff234700"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 6618
Cache-Control: max-age=5184000
Expires: Fri, 04 Jul 2008 07:29:29 GMT
Age: 60
＊＊＊-Cache: MISS from nj-1.＊＊＊.com
＊＊＊-Cache-Lookup: MISS from nj-1.＊＊＊.com:80
Via: 1.0 nj-1.＊＊＊.com:80 (＊＊＊ Cache)
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Mon, 05 May 2008 07:33:40 GMT
Server: Apache
Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 02:32:28 GMT
ETag: "278c15c-19da-ff234700"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=5184000
Expires: Fri, 04 Jul 2008 07:33:40 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 1834
Content-Type: text/css
＊＊＊-Cache: MISS from nj-1.＊＊＊.com
＊＊＊-Cache-Lookup: MISS from nj-1.＊＊＊.com:80
Via: 1.0 nj-1.＊＊＊.com:80 (＊＊＊ Cache)
Connection: close
www/style/layout1.css?v=20080327_v1.css
CacheEnable mem /
MCacheSize 10240
McacheMaxObjectCount 5000
sed --in-inplace -e 's#http://a.b.c/d #https://e.f.g/h#g' *
perl -e ’s#http:\/\/a\.b\.c\/d#https:\/\/e\.f\.g\/h#i’ -pi.bak `(find . -type f )`
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.devel.squid-cache.org:/cvsroot/squid
login
密码为空
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.devel.squid-cache.org:/cvsroot/squid co -d squid-2.6 squid
squid就是当前的2.6版本
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.devel.squid-cache.org:/cvsroot/squid co -d squid-3 squid3
13 KILL_MYSQLD=1;
14 MYSQLD=
15
16 trap '' 1 2 3 15 #捕捉信号 1 2 3 15,进行忽略 ( trap -l或kill -l能得到详细的信号表)
17
18 umask 007 #设置掩码
19
20 defaults=
21 case "$1" in
22 --no-defaults|--defaults-file=*|--defaults-extra-file=*)
23 defaults="$1"; shift
24 ;;
25 esac #读入主配置文件
####help的说明文档
27 usage () {
}
###函数parse_arguments()解析参数,需要带入arg
50 parse_arguments() {
51 # We only need to pass arguments through to the server if we don't
52 # handle them here. So, we collect unrecognized options (passed on
53 # the command line) into the args variable.
54 pick_args=
55 if test "$1" = PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV ##54-59我好像很少用到,看第一个参数是不是PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV,如果是,令pick_args=1,并且让参数数组左移一位
56 then
57 pick_args=1
58 shift
59 fi
60
61 for arg do ##arg是赋值进来的参数,并用同样的方法解析参数
62 case "$arg" in
63 --skip-kill-mysqld*)
64 KILL_MYSQLD=0;
65 ;;
66 # these get passed explicitly to mysqld
67 --basedir=*) MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--basedir=;;"` ;;
68 --datadir=*) DATADIR=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--datadir=;;"` ;;
69 --pid-file=*) pid_file=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--pid-file=;;"` ;;
70 --user=*) user=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--[^=]*=;;"` ; SET_USER=1 ;;
71
72 # these two might have been set in a [mysqld_safe] section of my.cnf
73 # they are added to mysqld command line to override settings from my.cnf
74 --socket=*) mysql_unix_port=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--socket=;;"` ;;
75 --port=*) mysql_tcp_port=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--port=;;"` ;;
76
77 # mysqld_safe-specific options - must be set in my.cnf ([mysqld_safe])!
78 --ledir=*) ledir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--ledir=;;"` ;;
79 --log-error=*) err_log=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--log-error=;;"` ;;
80 --open-files-limit=*) open_files=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--open-files-limit=;;"` ;;
81 --core-file-size=*) core_file_size=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--core-file-size=;;"` ;;
82 --timezone=*) TZ=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--timezone=;;"` ; export TZ; ;;
83 --mysqld=*) MYSQLD=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--mysqld=;;"` ;;
84 --mysqld-version=*)
85 tmp=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--mysqld-version=;;"`
86 if test -n "$tmp"
87 then
88 MYSQLD="mysqld-$tmp"
89 else
90 MYSQLD="mysqld"
91 fi
92 ;;
93 --nice=*) niceness=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--nice=;;"` ;;
94 --help)
95 usage
96 ;;
97 *)
98 if test -n "$pick_args"
99 then
100 # This sed command makes sure that any special chars are quoted,
101 # so the arg gets passed exactly to the server.
102 args="$args "`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's,\([^a-zA-Z0-9_.-]\),\\\\\1,g'`
103 fi
104 ;;
105 esac
106 done
107 }
108
110 #找到根目录和mysqld所在的位置
111 # First, try to find BASEDIR and ledir (where mysqld is)
112 #
113
114 MY_PWD=`pwd`
115 # Check for the directories we would expect from a binary release install
116 if test -f ./share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys -a -x ./bin/mysqld
###test的用法详见man test errmsg.sys存在并且是一般的文件同时mysqld存在并且是可执行文件
117 then
118 MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=$MY_PWD # Where bin, share and data are
119 ledir=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin # Where mysqld is
120 # Check for the directories we would expect from a source install
121 elif test -f ./share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys -a \
122 -x ./libexec/mysqld
123 then
124 MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=$MY_PWD # Where libexec, share and var are
125 ledir=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec # Where mysqld is
126 # Since we didn't find anything, used the compiled-in defaults
127 else
128 MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=/home/mysql5.0/
129 ledir=/home/mysql5.0/libexec
130 fi
131##找到数据所在的目录
132 #
133 # Second, try to find the data directory
134 #
135
136 # Try where the binary installs put it
137 if test -d $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/data/mysql
138 then
139 DATADIR=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/data
140 if test -z "$defaults" -a -r "$DATADIR/my.cnf" ##
###$defaults长度为0且$DATADIR/my.cnf存在并可读
141 then
142 defaults="--defaults-extra-file=$DATADIR/my.cnf"
143 fi
144 # Next try where the source installs put it
145 elif test -d $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/var/mysql
146 then
147 DATADIR=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/var
148 # Or just give up and use our compiled-in default
149 else
150 DATADIR=/home/mysql5.0/var
151 fi
######确认$MYSQK_HOME,并寻找my.cnf
153 if test -z "$MYSQL_HOME"
154 then
155 if test -r "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/my.cnf" && test -r "$DATADIR/my.cnf"
156 then
157 echo "WARNING: Found two instances of my.cnf -"
158 echo "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/my.cnf and"
159 echo "$DATADIR/my.cnf"
160 echo "IGNORING $DATADIR/my.cnf"
161 echo
162 MYSQL_HOME=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION
163 elif test -r "$DATADIR/my.cnf"
164 then
165 echo "WARNING: Found $DATADIR/my.cnf"
166 echo "Datadir is deprecated place for my.cnf, please move it to $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION"
167 echo
168 MYSQL_HOME=$DATADIR
169 else
170 MYSQL_HOME=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION
171 fi
172 fi
173 export MYSQL_HOME
#####我们需要设置的变量
175 user=mysql
176 niceness=0
177
178 # these rely on $DATADIR by default, so we'll set them later on
179 pid_file=
180 err_log=
182 # Get first arguments from the my.cnf file, groups [mysqld] and [mysqld_safe]
183 # and then merge with the command line arguments
184 if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaults
185 then
186 print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"
187 elif test -x /home/mysql5.0/bin/my_print_defaults
188 then
189 print_defaults="/home/mysql5.0/bin/my_print_defaults"
190 elif test -x /home/mysql5.0/bin/mysql_print_defaults
191 then
192 print_defaults="/home/mysql5.0/bin/mysql_print_defaults"
193 else
194 print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
195 fi
##########确认print_default,具体用途不明白###############
197 args= #设置变量为空
198 SET_USER=2
199 parse_arguments `$print_defaults $defaults --loose-verbose mysqld server`
#####用上面确认的print_defaults去解析配置文件
# 解析成下面的格式,方便得到参数
# ./my_print_defaults -c /etc/my.cnf5.0 --loose-verbose mysqld server
#--port=3307
#--socket=/home/mysql5.0/tmp/mysql.sock
#--skip-locking
#--key_buffer=16M
#--max_allowed_packet=1M
#--table_cache=64
#--sort_buffer_size=512K
#--net_buffer_length=8K
#--read_buffer_size=256K
#--read_rnd_buffer_size=512K
#--myisam_sort_buffer_size=8M
#--log_slow_queries=/home/mysql5.0/var/mysql5.0_slow_query.log
#--long_query_time=3
#--log-bin=mysql5.0-bin
#--server-id=2
#--tmpdir=/home/mysql5.0/tmp/
###########################################
200 if test $SET_USER -eq 2
201 then
202 SET_USER=0
203 fi
#####从my.cnf中得到参数
204 parse_arguments `$print_defaults $defaults --loose-verbose mysqld_safe safe_mysqld`
#####从启动mysqld_safe中读取参数 $@是启动mysqld_safe的时候带入的
205 parse_arguments PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV "$@"
206 safe_mysql_unix_port=${mysql_unix_port:-${MYSQL_UNIX_PORT:-/home/mysql5/tmp/mysql.sock}}
######不太清楚这句赋值是什么意思
208 # Make sure that directory for $safe_mysql_unix_port exists
###确认socket文件存在
209 mysql_unix_port_dir=`dirname $safe_mysql_unix_port`
210 if [ ! -d $mysql_unix_port_dir ]
211 then
212 mkdir $mysql_unix_port_dir
213 chown $user $mysql_unix_port_dir
214 chmod 755 $mysql_unix_port_dir
215 fi
216
216###确认mysqld的存在
217 # Use the mysqld-max binary by default if the user doesn't specify a binary
218 if test -z "$MYSQLD"
219 then
220 if test -x $ledir/mysqld-max
221 then
222 MYSQLD=mysqld-max
223 else
224 MYSQLD=mysqld
225 fi
226 fi
227
228 if test ! -x $ledir/$MYSQLD
229 then
230 echo "The file $ledir/$MYSQLD doesn't exist or is not executable"
231 echo "Please do a cd to the mysql installation directory and restart"
232 echo "this script from there as follows:"
233 echo "./bin/mysqld_safe".
234 echo "See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld_safe.html for more"
235 echo "information"
236 exit 1
237 fi
238###整理相关的参数如pid_file,err_log,socket,tcp_port,nice#####
239 if test -z "$pid_file"
240 then
241 pid_file=$DATADIR/`/bin/hostname`.pid
242 else
243 case "$pid_file" in
244 /* ) ;;
245 * ) pid_file="$DATADIR/$pid_file" ;;
246 esac
247 fi
248 test -z "$err_log" && err_log=$DATADIR/`/bin/hostname`.err
249
250 if test -n "$mysql_unix_port"
251 then
252 args="--socket=$mysql_unix_port $args"
253 fi
254 if test -n "$mysql_tcp_port"
255 then
256 args="--port=$mysql_tcp_port $args"
257 fi
258
259 if test $niceness -eq 0
260 then
261 NOHUP_NICENESS="nohup"
262 else
263 NOHUP_NICENESS="nohup nice -$niceness"
264 fi
265
266 # Using nice with no args to get the niceness level is GNU-specific.
267 # This check could be extended for other operating systems (e.g.,
268 # BSD could use "nohup sh -c 'ps -o nice -p $$' | tail -1").
269 # But, it also seems that GNU nohup is the only one which messes
270 # with the priority, so this is okay.
271 if nohup nice > /dev/null 2>&1
272 then
273 normal_niceness=`nice`
274 nohup_niceness=`nohup nice`
275
276 numeric_nice_values=1
277 for val in $normal_niceness $nohup_niceness
278 do
279 case "$val" in
280 -[0-9] | -[0-9][0-9] | -[0-9][0-9][0-9] | \
281 [0-9] | [0-9][0-9] | [0-9][0-9][0-9] )
282 ;;
283 * )
284 numeric_nice_values=0 ;;
285 esac
286 done
mysql> use test;
mysql> create table `test1` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;//并在test1表中插入1-7共7行数据以供测试
mysql>lock tables test1 read; //同时给所有数据库加读锁FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
mysql> insert into test1 values(8);
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'test1' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
mysql> select * from test1;
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
+----+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//可以读，但不能写
mysql> insert into test1 values(8);
Query OK, 1 row affected (1 min 59.94 sec)//两分钟是上面进程锁表的时间
mysql> unlock tables ; //解除当前连接建立的所有的锁
mysql> lock tables test1 write;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//本连接，锁表的连接
mysql> select * from test1;
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
+----+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//可以读
mysql> insert test1 value(9);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
//可以写
mysql> select * from test1;
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
+----+
9 rows in set (27.84 sec)
//同时不能读
mysql> insert test1 value(10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (35.55 sec)
//也不能写
1 #/usr/bin/perl
2 ##############################
3 #author skine0709@gmail.com
4 #date 2008-03-15 #
5 ##############################
6 use warnings;
7 use strict;
8 use MIME::Lite;
9 use Net::SMTP;
10
11 my $opt_R = q/^$/;
12 my $opt_r = "";
13 my $exclude_re = "(^//|^none)";
14 my $cmd="/bin/df -k";
15 my @output = `$cmd` ;
16 my $a;
17 #########setting#################
18 my $alert=90;
19 my @email=('＊＊＊＊@＊＊＊.com'); //发送到邮件地方
20 my $mailserver='smtp.＊＊＊.com'; // smtp server
21 my $mailuser='＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊'; //邮件用户
22 my $mailpasswd='＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊'; //邮件密码
23 my $debug=0; //是否调试
24 ################################
25 #print "@output";
26 foreach my $a (@output) {
27 if ( $a =~ /([\d\w\/]+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\%\s+([\/\w\d\.-] +)$/) {
28 # next if ($a = ~ m/$opt_R/);
29 # next if ($a !~ m/$opt_r/);
30 # next if ($a =~ m/$exclude_re/);
31 my ($dev,$s,$u,$f,$pu,$d) = ($1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6);
32 if ($5 > $alert) {
33 my $driver=$6;
34 my $num=$5.'%';
35 disk_mail($driver,$num);
36 };
37 }
38
39 }
40
41 sub disk_mail
42 {
43 my $driver=shift;
44 my $num=shift;
45 my $time=localtime;
46 my $hostname=`hostname`;
47 foreach my $email (@email){
48 my $meg=MIME::Lite->new
49 (
50 Subject=>"disk alert",
51 From=>'skine0709@163.com',
52 To=>$email,
53 Type=>'text/html',
54 Data=>"$driver --- $num --- $time --- $hostname"
55 );
56 $meg->send('smtp',"$mailserver", Debug=>"$debug",
57 AuthUser=>"$mailuser", AuthPass=>"$mailpasswd");
58 }
59
60 }
df|awk '{gsub(/%/,"")} NR>1 {if($5>90) print $5"%"}'
ProxyPass /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/
ProxyPassReverse /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/
/usr/bin/svn up [PATH...] -r 'HEAD' --non-interactive --username *** --password *** --ignore-externals
usr/bin/ssh user@ip " /usr/bin/svn up [PATH...] -r 'HEAD' --non-interactive --username=*** --password=*** --ignore-externals"
use mysql;
delimiter //
create procedure gogo407count (out gogo407 int )
begin
select count(*) into gogo407 from mysql.user;
end
mysql>drop mysql.gogo407count (procedure是属于某一个数据库的，所以需要指定数据库）
ERROR 1268 (HY000): Can't drop one or more of the requested users
mysql>delete from mysql.user where host='' and user=''
mysql>flush privileges
svn: Valid UTF-8 data
(hex: 72)
followed by invalid UTF-8 sequence
(hex: e9 75 6e 69)
Out of memory; restart server and try again (needed 67108856 bytes)
Got error 12 from storage engine
[ERROR] Got error 12 when reading table './＊＊＊＊/baby'
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Webdup.* ［NC］
RewriteRule ^.＊ - [F,L]
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
Options +Includes
AddHandler server-parsed .shtml
/bin/sh bk-client2.0.shar
cd bk-client2.0
make
./bkf clone bk://mysql.bkbits.net/mysql-5.1 /home/mysql-5.1
Sample httpd.conf
#
# Sample Cache Configuration
#
LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
CacheRoot c:/cacheroot
CacheSize 256
CacheEnable disk /
CacheDirLevels 5
CacheDirLength 3
LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so
CacheEnable mem /
MCacheSize 4096
MCacheMaxObjectCount 100
MCacheMinObjectSize 1
MCacheMaxObjectSize 2048
表格太大了，我不太清楚怎么把他弄上来！反正手册上关于动态系统变量那一章节上面有。回头多瞧两遍。
着重要提出来的是在set global或者set session的时候一定要注意那些是全局的，那些是会话级别的！如果只有是global级别的话。当你修改过该变量后，当前会话中的变量也已经修改了,可以同时使用 HTTP/1.1 clients and caches MUST treat other invalid date formats, especially including the value "0", as in the past (i.e., "already expired").
To mark a response as "already expired," an origin server sends an Expires date that is equal to the Date header value. (See the rules for expiration calculations in section 13.2.4.)
To mark a response as "never expires," an origin server sends an Expires date approximately one year from the time the response is sent. HTTP/1.1 servers SHOULD NOT send Expires dates more than one year in the future.
The presence of an Expires header field with a date value of some time in the future on a response that otherwise would by default be non-cacheable indicates that the response is cacheable, unless indicated otherwise by a Cache-Control header field (section 14.9).
If a response includes both an Expires header and a max-age directive, the max-age directive overrides the Expires header, even if the Expires header is more restrictive
# ulimit -HSn 65536
# ulimit -n
65536
11.8 NFS Configuration
NFS是Network File System的缩写，这是一种在不同机器之间共享文件的方法，可以使本地机器象在使用本地硬盘一样使用远程文件系统。LINUX即既可以作为NFS 客户也可以作为NFS服务器，也就是说它可以向其它机器输出文件系统，也可以安装其它机器输出的文件系统。
11.8.1 安装NFS文件系统
使用mount命令安装另一台机器输出的网络文件系统：
mkdir /mnt/local # Only required if /mnt/local doesn't exist
mount bigdog:/mnt/export /mnt/local
在以上命令中，porky是NFS文件服务器的主机名，/mnt/export是porky输出的文件系统， /mnt/local是本机的一个目录，远程文件系统将被安装在它下面。当mount命令运行完后（如果porky敷与了恰当的权限），我们可以通过执行ls/mnt/local命令列出位于porky机器上/mnt/export目录下的文件。
11.8.2 输出网络文件系统
控制网络文件系统输出的配置文件是/etc/exports。它的格式是：
directory hostname(options)
其中(options)是可选的。举个例子：
/mnt/export speedy.redhat.com
将允许主机speedy.redhat.com安装/mnt/export 而
/mnt/export speedy.redhat.com(ro)
则仅仅允许speedy以只读方式安装/mnt/export。
每当您改变了/etc/exports，您需要告诉NFS进程重新检查配置信息。一个简单的方法是停下再启动该服务器进程：
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start
还有一种方法：
killall -HUP rpc.nfsd rpc.mountd
请查看nfsd(8),mountd(8) 和exports(5)的man 手册以获得详细信息 。另一个好的参考书是由Hal Stern编写，O'Reilly&Associates出版发行的“Managing NFS and NIS Services”
